The article was published based on research results of the project of grant and targeted financing for 2022-2024 "The Implementation of the Chinese Communist Party's Minority Policy in Xinjiang: History, Present and Future" jointly with the Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.B. Suleimenov. The article examines the geographical position of the Xinjiang region and its neighbouring countries, adjacent provinces within the state, and natural and climatic conditions. The topography, the location of water resources, mineral and fuel resources, their reserves and their place, and climatic features are emphasized. Xinjiang's traditional and modern economic situation and social development problems are described in economic- geographical terms. The article also examines the population of Xinjiang, the share of different nationalities, demography and population settlement and territorial-administrative divisions.

The article also comprehensively considered the Ile Kazakh Autonomous Oblast under Xinjiang. Because Ile Kazakh Autonomous Oblast is a very important administrative unit in terms of its geographical location, territory, bordering countries and border lengths, and natural resource potential. Therefore, it is essential to study the territorial-administrative situation, geographical settlement and ethnic composition of the population of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Region in a demographic context. Most of the 5 million ethnic Kazakhs living abroad live in the Ile Kazakh Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The Ile-Kazakh region covers the entire 1,700-kilometer border between Kazakhstan and China. Therefore, this article shows that the Xinjiang region has an important geopolitical and geoeconomic location for China. As a result of such facts and information, the reason, nature and position of the policy of minority nationalities conducted by the Chinese communists in Xinjiang will be determined scientifically.

The following important section considered in the article is the issue of diaspora and irredentists. According to this content, the Kazakh diaspora and irredentists are analyzed from a historical and geographical point of view. It is suggested that the Chinese Kazakhs are irredentists, not diaspora. This shows the role of ethnic Kazakhs in the relations between the two states. The article also analyzes the migration of ethnic Kazakhs to the Republic of Kazakhstan. The reasons for their arrival in Kazakhstan and the settlements where they settled after returning to Kazakhstan are highlighted.