The processes that form the Earth are constantly working on its surface or under it. The movement of plates in the Earth's crust and the local concentration of heat are dangerous for people and their structures. Natural disasters are the cause of serious social upheavals, leading to widespread suffering, loss of life and huge material losses. The increase in the number of natural disasters is still associated with global processes, such as population growth of civilizations, economic growth, environmental degradation and climate change, which are key factors in disaster management.

The purpose of the article is to study strategies for identifying the causes and mitigating the consequences of natural disasters and lithospheric cataclysms. A natural disaster is an event or phenomenon caused by natural processes on the earth's surface, which can be caused by geological, hydrological, meteorological, lithospheric, or biological threats. Natural disasters include: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods, landslides, forest fires, droughts, and pandemics. In the article, we classified lithospheric cataclysms by species, illustrating the theme of natural disasters. Natural disasters in the lithosphere include: earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides, mudslides, etc. They often have a negative impact on the environment. Only careful planning, preparation, and mitigation measures can prevent the transformation of natural hazards into natural disasters. While conducting the study, we identified the listed lithospheric cataclysms and primary and secondary factors due to their influence and showed them in tabular form. The article also assessed the mentioned natural disasters and lithospheric cataclysms, as well as considered the tasks of their observation and forecasting. In order to achieve the tasks, set, we used research on international and local scientists and other methods of information analysis. The article describes the specific circumstances of this natural disaster.