In our research we present bioindication methods for environmental quality assessment using
dendrological objects. Our goal is to conduct a rapid assessment of air quality in the city of Aktobe
using the condition of needles of common pine (Pinus sylvestris), and common spruce (Pícea
ábies). In order to accomplish this aim, we have outlined the following tasks: to investigate the
impact of radiation on plant communities, to recognize the primary trends regarding the sensitivity
of coniferous species to sulfur dioxide and their utilization in bioindication, to acquire the ability to
ascertain the lifespan of needles, and to grasp the underlying principle of the method reliant on
evaluating the extent of needle damage relative to air pollution.
During the air quality study in Aktobe city, coniferous trees - common pine (Pinus sylvestris),
common spruce (Pícea ábies) - were used as bioindicators. The collection of material and its study,
as well as the compilation of tables, was carried out over a period of three months, from February 1
to May 1. To start the study, pine and spruce needle samples were collected from seven different
districts of the city, selected according to the calculation from less polluted to more polluted.
According to the results of the study, it was found that in most of the selected districts the air
corresponds to the third class - relatively clean ("norm"). However, pollution was detected in two
districts: in Zhilgorodok and Zhilyanka. For pine needles in these districts, the pollution indices
were 33% and 22.5%, respectively, and for spruce needles - 22% in Zhilgorodok. Using Hertel's
turbidity test, it was found that in Zhilgorodok there was a strong turbidity in common pine, while
in Zhilyanka and Avtovokzal there was a weak turbidity. There is also strong turbidity in
Zhilgorodok and Zhilyanka, and weak turbidity in Avtovokzal. The rest of the districts have no
pronounced turbidity.