The current state of the geographical environment of the urban area is one of the pressing
issues. The article examines the geographical features of the urban area and the natural factors
affecting it. The characteristics of the city's geographical location, relief and soil cover, climatic
conditions, water resources, and risks of natural disasters have been analyzed. The listed factors
determine the natural and ecological condition of the urban area. In this regard, the study is aimed at
ensuring the sustainable development of the city and identify environmental risks.
The examination of urban areas in relation to the natural environment has become a global
trend during the current period of rapid urbanization. As a result of urban space development,
natural landscapes have changed, and the load on ecological systems has increased. This article
presents a natural factor analysis of the current geographical environment of Almaty, which has
now transformed into a large urbanized area. The characteristics of natural disasters occurring in the
urban environment and their impact on urban infrastructure and population livelihoods are
examined. The dynamics of changes in the geographical environment of the city have been
analyzed, and the authors have proposed a number of recommendations to improve its geographical
conditions.
In the systemic development of the city, it is essential to consider not only the interrelation of
socio-economic processes, but also to ensure their harmonious interaction the natural environment,
ecological sustainability, and the study of natural landscape characteristics and ecosystem
processes. The results of the conducted research contribute to identifying issues related to the
geographical environment of the urban area, optimizing urban planning, preventing of emergency
situations and improving the natural and ecological situation. The city, considered as a living
organism, is not only a space for population settlement, but also a complex natural and technogenic
system that influences the preservation of ecosystem balance.